Publications | Center for Electro-Optics and Functionalized Surfaces (CEFS)

Research abstracts and summaries for several completed and ongoing research projects are available below. Copies of these and other CEFS publications are available upon request.

Recent Peer Reviewed Publications

H. Ems, A. Tsubaki, B. Sukup, S. Nejati, D. Alexander, C. Zuhlke, G. Gogos “Drag reduction in minichannel laminar flow past superhydrophobic surfaces.” Physics of Fluids, 33(12):123608, 2021.

M. Anderson, J. Costa-Gregera A. Ediger, C. Zuhlke D. Alexander, G. Gogos, and J. E. Shield, “Heat transfer behavior of as-processed and cleaned picosecond pulse laser processed copper,” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 27, 101105, 2021.

R. Reicks, A. Tsubaki, M. Anderson, J. Wieseler, L. Khosravi Khorashad, J. E. Shield, G. Gogos, D. R. Alexander, C. Argyropoulos, and C. A. Zuhlke, “Near-unity broadband omnidirectional emissivity via femtosecond laser surface processing,” Communication Materials, 2(1):36, 2021.

M. Anderson, A. Ediger, A. Tsubaki, C. A. Zuhlke, D. Alexander, G. Gogos, and J. Shield, “Surface and microstructure investigation of picosecond versus femtosecond laser pulse processed copper,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 409, 126872, 2021.

Y. Gao, C. Zhu, C. A. Zuhlke, D. R. Alexander, J. Francisco, X. Zeng, “Turning a superhydrophilic surface weakly hydrophilic: Topological wetting states,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 142(43), 18491–18502, 2020.

E. Peng, N. Roth, C. A. Zuhlke, S. Azadehranjbar, D. R. Alexander, G. Gogos, and J. E. Shield, “3D Electron microscopy characterization of Ag mound-like surface structures made by femtosecond laser surface processing,” Applied Surface Science, 480, 1047–1053, 2019.

C. M. Kruse, A. Tsubaki, C. A. Zuhlke, D. R. Alexander, E. Peng, J. E. Shield, S. Ndao, and G. Gogos, “Influence of Copper Oxide on Femtosecond Laser Surface Processed Copper Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Surfaces,” Journal of Heat Transfer, 141(5), 051503, 2019.

N. Roth, C. A. Zuhlke, E. Peng, S. Hansen, J. E. Shield, and D. R. Alexander, “Creation of micro/nano surface structures on silver using collinear double femtosecond laser pulses with different pulse separation,” Multiscale Multidisciplinary Modeling Experiments and Design, 2, 1 – 9, 2018.

C. A. Zuhlke, G. D. Tsibidis, T. Anderson, E. Stratakis, G. Gogos, and D. R. Alexander, “Investigation of Femtosecond Laser Induced Ripple Formation on Copper for Varying Incident Angle,” AIP Advances, 8(1), 015212, 2018.

C. Huang, R. Bell, A. Tsubaki, C. A. Zuhlke, D. R. Alexander, “Condensation and Subsequent Freezing Delays as a Result of Using Femtosecond Laser Functionalized Surfaces,” Journal of Laser Applications 30, 011501, 2018.

Y. Song, A. Tsubaki, C. A. Zuhlke, E. Rezaei, G. Gogos, D. R. Alexander, and J. E. Shield, "Effect of Topology and Material Properties on the Imprint Quality of the Femtosecond-Laser-Induced Surface Structure" Journal of Materials Science, 53(5), 3836–3845, 2018.

Tsubaki, A., Koten, M., Lucis, M., Zuhlke, C., Ianno, N., Shield, J., Alexander, D. "Formation of aggregated nanoparticle spheres through femtosecond laser surface processing." Applied Surface Science, Volume 419, 15 October 2017, Pages 778–787

Peng, E., Bell, R., Zuhlke, C. A., Wang, M., Alexander, D. R., Gogos, G. and Shield, J. E., “Growth Mechanisms of Multiscale, Mound-Like Surface Structures on Titanium by Femtosecond Laser Processing,” Journal of Applied Physics, 122, 133108 (2017); doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4990709.

Peng, E., Tsubaki, A., Zuhlke, C. A., Wang, M., Bell, R., Lucis, M. J., Anderson, T. P., Alexander, D. R., Gogos, G., Shield, J. E., “Micro/Nanostructures Formation by Femtosecond Laser Surface Processing on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Ni60Nb40,” Applied Surface Science, 28, 1170-1176, 2017.

Kruse, C., Lucis, M., Shield, J., Anderson, T., Zuhlke, C., Alexander, D., Gogos, G., and Ndao, S. “Effects of Femtosecond Laser Surface Processed Nanoparticle Layers on Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Performance,” Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, Accepted for publication, 2017.

Kruse, C., Tsubaki, A., Zuhlke, C., Anderson, T., Alexander, D., Gogos, G., Ndao, S., “Secondary Pool Boiling Effects,” Applied Physics Letters, 108, 051602, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4941081

Peng, E., Tsubaki, A., Zuhlke, C. A., Wang, M., Bell, R., Lucis, M. J., Anderson, T. P., Alexander, D. R., Gogos, G., Shield, J. E., “Experimental Explanation of the Formation Mechanism of Surface-Mound Structures by Femtosecond Laser on Polycrystalline Ni60Nb40,” Applied Physics Letters, 108, 031602, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4939983

Hassebrook, A., Kruse, C., Wilson, C., Anderson, T., Zuhlke, C., Alexander, D., Gogos, G., Ndao, S., “Effects of Droplet Diameter and Fluid Properties on the Leidenfrost Temperature of Polished and Micro/Nanostructured Surfaces,” Journal of Heat Transfer, 138(5), 051501, 2016. doi: 10.1115/1.4032291.

Kruse, C. M., Anderson, T., Wilson, C., Zuhlke, C., Alexander, D., Gogos, G., Ndao, S. (2015). “Enhanced pool-boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux on femtosecond laser processed stainless steel surfaces.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 82, 109–116. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.11.023

Zuhlke, C. A., Bruce III, J. C., Anderson, T. P., Alexander, D. R., Parigger, C., “Fundamental understanding of the dependence of the LIBS signal strength on complex focusing dynamics of femtosecond laser pulses on either side of focus”, Applied Spectroscopy, 68 (9), pp. 1021-1029 September 2014.

Kruse, C., Somanas, I., Anderson, T., Wilson, C., Zuhlke, C., Alexander, D., Gogos, G., Ndao, S., “Self-Propelled Droplets on Heated Surfaces with Angled Self-Assembled Micro/Nanostructures,” Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, DOI 10.1007/s10404-014-1540-6, 2015

Zuhlke, C. A., Anderson, T. P., Alexander, D. R., “Formation of multiscale surface structures on nickel via above surface growth and below surface growth mechanisms using femtosecond laser pulses,” Optics Express, vol. 21, no 7, pp. 8460-8473, 2013.

Kruse, C., Anderson, T. P., Wilson, C., Zuhlke, C., Alexander, D. R., Gogos, G., Ndao, S., “Extraordinary shifts of the leidenfrost temperature from multiscale micro/nanostructured surfaces”, Langmuir, 29 (31), pp 9798-9806, 2013. DOI:10.1021/la401936w

Zuhlke, C. A., Anderson, T. P., Alexander, D. R., “Fundamentals of layered nanoparticle covered pyramidal structures formed on nickel during femtosecond laser surface interactions”, Applied Surface Science, 283, pp. 648-653, DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.07.002.

Zuhlke, C. A., Anderson, T. P., Alexander, D. R., “Comparison of the structural and chemical composition of two unique micro/nanostructures produced by femtosecond laser interactions on nickel”, Applied Physics Letters, 103 (12), pp 121603-121603-5, 2013. DOI: 10.1063/1.4821452.
Zuhlke, C. A., Alexander, D. R., Bruce III, J. C., Ianno, N. J., Kamler, C. A., Yang, W., “Self assembled nanoparticle aggregates from line focused femtosecond laser ablation,” Optics Express, Vol. 18 Issue 5, pp. 4329-4339, 2010.

Veillère, A., Guillemet, T., Xie, Z. Q., Zuhlke, C. A., Alexander, D. R., Silvain, J.-F., Heintz, J., Chandra, N., Lu, Y. F. (2011) “Influence of WC-Co substrate pretreatment on diamond film deposition by laser-assisted combustion synthesis.” ACS applied materials & interfaces, 3(4), 1134–9.

Alexander, D., Bruce III, J., Zuhlke, C., Koch, B., Rudebusch, R., Deogun, J., and Hamza, H. (2006). “Demonstration of a nanoparticle based optical-diode” Optics Letters 31, pgs. 1957-1959.

Alexander, D., Bruce III, J., Zuhlke, C., Koch, B., Rudebusch, R., Deogun, J., and Hamza, H. (2006). “Optical diode based on core-shell quantum dots demonstrated,” Materials Research Society Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 8, August.

Alexander, D., Bruce III, J., Zuhlke, C., Koch, B., Rudebusch, R., Deogun, J. and Hamza, H. (2006). “Demonstration of a nanoparticle-based optical diode,” Virtual Jounal of Nanoscale Science & Technology, Vol. 14, No. 4, July 24.

Conference papers

A. Tsubaki, M. Anderson, A. Reicks, J. E. Shield, D. R. Alexander, and C. A. Zuhlke, “Multi-material, multi-layer femtosecond laser surface processing,” Proc. SPIE 11674, Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XV, 116740B, 14 pages, 2021.

H. Ems, A. Ediger, A. Tsubaki, C. A. Zuhlke, D. R. Alexander, and G. Gogos, “Turbulent Drag Reduction / Enhancement in a 304 Stainless Steel Rectangular Channel Functionalized with a Femtosecond Laser,” In Thermal & Fluids Analysis Workshop (TFAWS), 14 pages, virtual, 2020.

G. Damoulakis, G. Kaufman, A. Tsubaki, C. A. Zuhlke, G. Gogos, and C. M. Megaridis, “Vapor Chamber Thermal Diode with Laser-fabricated Wickless Components,” iTherm2021 - IEEE ITherm Conference, The Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems, virtual, June 1 – June 4, 2021. Accepted for publication.

J. Costa-Greger, A. Tsubaki, J. Gerdes, M. Anderson, C. A. Zuhlke, D. R. Alexander, J. E. Shield, and G. Gogos, "Pool Boiling Inversion and Hysteresis with Femtosecond Laser Processed 304 Stainless Steel Surfaces for Heat Transfer Enhancement," in Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm), pp. 298-305, 2020.

C. A. Zuhlke, N. Roth, A. Ediger, A. Tsubaki, E. Peng, M. Anderson, C. Kruse, J. E. Shield, G. Gogos, and D. R. Alexander, “Comparison of self-organized micro/nanostructure formation on copper using dual-pulse versus single-pulse femtosecond laser surface processing,” in Proc. SPIE 10906, Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XIII, 109060Q, 9 pages, 2019.

A. Tsubaki, E. Peng, M. Anderson, W. Thomas, J. E. Shield, C. A. Zuhlke, and D. R. Alexander, “Oxide layer reduction and formation of an aluminum nitride surface layer during femtosecond laser surface processing of aluminum in nitrogen-rich gases,” in Proc. SPIE 10906, Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XIII, 109060N, 12 pages, 2019.

W. C. Thomas, C. A. Zuhlke, A. T. Tsubaki, and D. R. Alexander, “Femtosecond XFROG in the middle infrared: a novel approach to standoff detection,” in Proc. SPIE 10903, Real-time Measurements, Rogue Phenomena, and Single-Shot Applications IV, 109030J, 10 pages, 2019.

S. Hansen, S. Wallace, T. Hamilton, D. R. Alexander, C. A. Zuhlke, N. Roth, E. Peng, M. Anderson, J. E. Shield and B. Fischer, “Continued Laser-Processed Condensing Heat Exchanger Technology Development,” in Proceedings of the 48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, ICES_2018_72, 10 pages, 2018.

J. A. Supowit, C. H. Baker, B. Zhao, J. McHale, R. Miller, P. Pichardo, C. A. Zuhlke, N. Roth, A. Tsubaki, M. Mohammadi-Ghaleni, S. Nejati, and D. R. Alexander, “Thermal cycle testing of titanium superhydrophobic surfaces for a spacecraft jumping droplet thermal diode,” 2018 Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, AIAA 2018-2946, 10 pages, 2018.

Y. Song, A. Tsubaki, C. A. Zuhlke, D. R. Alexander, and J. E. Shield, “Variation of Metal Surface’s Wetting Property by Imprinting Femtosecond Laser Surface Processed Micro/nano-structure,” In AISTech 2018 Proceedings - Iron and Steel Technology Conference and Exposition, Vol. 2018-May, pp. 1995-1999, 2018.

C. M. Kruse, E. Peng, C. A. Zuhlke, J. E. Shield, D. R. Alexander, G. Gogos, and S. Ndao, “Role of Copper Oxide Layer on Pool Boiling Performance with Femtosecond Laser Processed Surfaces," in Proceedings of the ASME 2017 International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels, Cambridge, Massachusetts, ICNMM2017-5574, V001T04A006, 8 pages, August 27 - 31, 2017.

C. M. Kruse, A. Tsubaki, C. A. Zuhlke, T. P. Anderson, D. R. Alexander, G. Gogos, and S. Ndao, “Study of secondary pool boiling effects with functionalized surfaces created via Femtosecond Laser Surface Processing,” in Proceedings of the 15th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm), 7517570, pp. 352–358, 2016.

Hansen, S., Wright, S., Wallace, S., Hamilton, T., Alexander, D., Zuhlke, C., Roth, N., Sanders, J., “Laser Processed Condensing Heat Exchanger Technology Development,” 47th International Conference on Environmental Systems 16-20 July 2017, Charleston, South Carolina.

Kruse, C., Anderson, T., Zuhlke, C., Alexander, D., Gogos, G., Ndao, S., “Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement with Metallic Femtosecond Laser Processed Surfaces: Study of Nanoparticle Effects,” 9th International Conference on Boiling and Condensation Heat Transfer, Boulder, Colorado, April 2015.

Anderson, T. P., Wilson, C., Zuhlke, C. A., Kruse, C. M., Gogos, G., Ndao, S., & Alexander, D. R. (2015). Enhancing vapor generation at a liquid-solid interface using micro/nanoscale surface structures fabricated by femtosecond laser surface processing. Proc. SPIE 9351, Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing IX, 93510D (12 March 2015).

Zuhlke, C. A., Anderson, T. P., Li, P., Lucis, M. J., Roth, N., Shield, J. E., Terry, B., Alexander, D. R. (2015). Superhydrophobic metallic surfaces functionalized via femtosecond laser surface processing for long term air film retention when submerged in liquid. Proc. SPIE 9351, Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing IX, 93510J (12 March 2015).

C. M. Kruse, T. P. Anderson, C. Wilson, C. A. Zuhlke, D. R. Alexander, G. Gogos, S. Ndao, “Enhanced Pool-Boiling Heat Transfer and Critical Heat Flux Using Femtosecond Laser Surface Processing,” ITHERM Conference Proceedings., 2014.

A. Hassebrook, C. Kruse, C. Wilson, T. Anderson, C. Zuhlke, D. Alexander, G. Gogos, and S. Ndao, “Effects of Droplet Diameter on the Leidenfrost Temperature of Laser Processed Multiscale Structured Surfaces,” ITHERM Conference Proceedings., 2014.

T. P. Anderson, C. Wilson, C., C. A. Zuhlke, C. Kruse, A. Hassebrook, I. Somanas, S. Ndao, G. Gogos, and D. Alexander, “Tailoring liquid/solid interfacial energy transfer: fabrication and application of multiscale metallic surfaces with engineered heat transfer and electrolysis properties via femtosecond laser surface processing techniques,” Proc. SPIE 8968, Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing VIII, 89680R, 6 March 2014.

T. P. Anderson, C. A. Zuhlke, C. Wilson, C. Kruse, N. Ianno, S. Ndao, G. Gogos, D. R. Alexander, “Understanding the physical and material dynamics of multipulse femtosecond laser interactions with surfaces,” Proc. SPIE, Laser-induced Damage in Optical Materials, pp. 888518, 2013.

D. Alexander, J. Deogun, H. Hamza, J. Bruce III, C. Zuhlke, B. Koch, P. Le, “Quantum Dots Based Technology for Multiple Wavelength Conversion” in LEOS IEEE 18th annual meeting (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Sydney Australia), 2005.

L. Koester, J. A. Turner, C. Zuhlke, D. Alexander, B. Wilson, C. Tarawneh, A. J. Fuller, "Near-race Ultrasonic Inspection of Tapered Roller Bearing Components for Non-metallic Defects." Proceedings of the ASME 2012 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASME, Omaha, NE, 2012.

L. Koester, C. Zuhlke, D. Alexander, A. Fuller, B. M. Wilson, J. A. Turner, “Near Race Ultrasonic Detection of Subsurface Defects in Bearing Rings,” Bearing Steel Technology: Advances and State of the Art in Bearing Steel Quality Assurance, J. M. Beswick, Ed., ASTM International, Tampa, FL, 2012.

Conferences presentations/posters

Invited Presentation (presenter: D. R. Alexander): Alexander, D. R., Zuhlke, C. A., “Functionalization of Metallic Surfaces and the Creation of New States of Matter Using Ultra-Fast Laser Technology.” Southwest Ultrafast Conference, June 2016.

Invited Presentation (presenter: D. R. Alexander): Alexander, D. R., Zuhlke, C. A., Anderson, T. P., “Functionalizing Metallic Surfaces, Creating New Phases of Metals, and Producing Coulomb Explosions Using Extreme Light.” Lecture at the Army Research Laboratory, August 2015.

Peng, E., Tsubaki, A., Zuhlke, C. A., Bell, R., Wang, M., Anderson, T. P., Alexander, D. R., Gogos, G., Shield, J. E. "Below and Above Surface Growth Mechanisms of Multiscale Structures by Femtosecond Laser Surface Processing on Ni60Nb40." 2016 International High Power Laser Ablation and Directed Energy (HPLA), Santa Fe, NM.

C. A. Zuhlke, A. Tsubaki, C. Kruse, T. P. Anderson, X. Wang, H. E. Tsai, J. Shaw, M. C. Downer, G. Gogos, S. Ndao, and D. R. Alexander, “Self-Organized Micro/Nanostructure Formation on Critical Heat Transfer Materials Using Femtosecond Laser Surface Processing,” 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems and ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchnnels, and Minichannels (ICNMM), San Francisco, CA, July 2015.

Hassebrook, A., Lucis, M. J., Shield, J. E., Zuhlke, C. A., Anderson, T. P., Alexander, D. R., Gogos, G., Ndao, S. (2015). Thermal Stability of Rare Earth Oxide Coated Superhydrophobic Microstructured Metallic Surfaces. In Proceedings of the ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems and ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchnnels, and Minichannels (pp. 1–7).
T. P. Anderson, C. Wilson, C., C. A. Zuhlke, C. Kruse, A. Hassebrook, I. Somanas, S. Ndao, G. Gogos, and D. Alexander, “Tailoring liquid/solid interfacial energy transfer: fabrication and application of multiscale metallic surfaces with engineered heat transfer and electrolysis properties via femtosecond laser surface processing techniques,” Proc. SPIE 8968, Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing VIII, 89680R, 6 March 2014.

C. A. Zuhlke, T. P. Anderson, and D. R. Alexander, “Understanding the formation of self-organized micro/nanostructures on metal surfaces from femtosecond laser ablation using stop-motion SEM imaging,” Proc. SPIE 8968, Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing VIII, 89680C, 6 March 2014.
The 9th International Conference on Boiling and Condensation Heat Transfer, April 26-30, 2015 in Boulder, CO, USA This work was presented on April 29th. Title: POOL BOILING HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCMENT WITH METALLIC FEMTOSECOND LASER PROCESSED SURFACES: STUDY OF NANOPARTICLE EFFECT

Invited Keynote Presentation: C. A. Zuhlke, T. P. Anderson, C. Wilson, C. Kruse, D. R. Alexander, G. Gogos, S. Ndao, “Understanding the Formation of Self-Organized Micro/Nanostructures from Femtosecond Laser Ablation used to Enhance Two-phase Heat Transfer,” Invited Presentation to ASME International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels (ICNMN), Chicago, IL August 2014.

Invited Keynote Presentation: S. Ndao, “State-of-the-Art of Functionalized Micro/Nano Engineered Two-phase Heat Transfer Surfaces,” Invited Presentation to ASME International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels (ICNMN), Chicago, IL August 2014.

D. R. Alexander, T. P. Anderson, C. A. Zuhlke, N. Rowse, “Simultaneous Disabling and Real Time Damage Assessment of Optical Sensors”, High Energy Laser-Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO), Annual Contractors Review Presentation, April 30, 2014, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Invited Presentation (presenter: D. R. Alexander): C. A. Zuhlke, J. Bruce III, T. P. Anderson, D. R. Alexander, and C. Parigger, “Focusing Phenomena of Femtosecond Laser Radiation Interacting with Material”, 22nd International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes, Tullahoma, Tennessee, April 21-26, 2014

T. P. Anderson, C. A. Zuhlke, C. Kruse, C. Wilson, A. Hassebrook, I. Somanas, S. Ndao, G. Gogos, D. R. Alexander, “Tailoring Liquid/Solid Interfacial Energy Transfer: Fabrication and Application of Multiscale Metallic Surfaces With Engineered Heat Transfer and Electrolysis Properties Via Femtosecond Laser Surface Processing Techniques”, SPIE Photonics West, San Francisco, CA, February 2014.

C. A. Zuhlke, T. P. Anderson, D. R. Alexander, “Understanding the Formation of Self-Organized Micro/nanostructures on Metal Surfaces from Femtosecond Laser Ablation Using Stop-motion SEM Imaging,” SPIE Photonics West, San Francisco, CA, February 2014.

C. Zuhlke, T. Anderson N. Rowse, D. Alexander, “Physics and Material Dynamics Resulting From Sequenced Multi-Pulse Femtosecond Laser Interactions with Metallic Surface”, High Power Laser Ablation and Beamed Energy Propulsion (HPLA/BEP), Santa Fe, NM, April 21-25.

T. P. Anderson, “Fabrication of Biomimetic Multiscale Metallic Surfaces via Femtosecond Laser Surface Processing”, Invited Lecture for UNL Mechanical and Materials Engineering Symposium Series, Dec. 3, 2013.

Invited Presentation (presenter: D. R. Alexander): C. A. Zuhlke, J. Bruce III, T. Anderson, D. R. Alexander, and C. Parigger, "Fundamental understanding of the dependence of the LIBS signal strength on the complex focusing dynamics o femtosecond laser pulses either side of focus," Invited presentation, Southeast Ultra Fast Laser Conference, Baton Rouge, LA, Jan. 8-9, 2014

C. Kruse, T. Anderson, C. Wilson, C. Zuhlke, D. R. Alexander, G. Gogos, S. Ndao, “Enhanced Pool-boiling Heat Transfer and Critical Heat Flux using Femtosecond Laser Surface Processing,” Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITHERM), Orlando, FL, May 2014.

A. Hassebrook, C. Kruse, T. Anderson, C. Wilson, C. Zuhlke, D. R. Alexander, G. Gogos, S. Ndao, “Effects of Droplet Diameter on the Leidenfrost Temperature of Laser Processed Multiscale Structured Surfaces,” Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITHERM), Orlando, FL, May 2014.

C. A. Zuhlke, J. Bruce III, T. Anderson, D. R. Alexander, and C. Parigger, “Fundamental understanding of the dependence of the LIBS signal strength on the complex focusing dynamics of femtosecond laser pulses either side of focus,” Conference Presentation, 40th Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies (FACSS) SCIX conference, Milwaukee, WI, October 2013.

C. Kruse, T.P. Anderson, C. Wilson, C. A. Zuhlke, D. R. Alexander, G. Gogos, S. Ndao, “Controlling the Leidenfrost Temperature Through Laser-Assisted Surface Micro/Nano Texturing”, ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference, Minneapolis, MN, July 18, 2013.

T. P. Anderson, C. A. Zuhlke, K. Bay, C. Wilson, and D. R. Alexander, “Growth Mechanisms for Multi-Scale Surface Features on Metals Fabricated Using Ultrashort Pulse Laser Irradiation,” presented at the Laser Micro and Nanostructuring: Fundamentals and Applications Conference, Palaiseau, France. December 10-12, 2012.

C. A. Zuhlke, D. R. Alexander, R. Lai, T. P. Anderson, and T. Smith, “Use of Femtosecond Laser Pulses to Modify Metal Surfaces for use as Psuedocapacitor Electrodes” Poster Presentation, UNL Graduate Office Research Fair/EE Graduate Research Poster Competition, Lincoln, NE, April, 2012 (second place poster).

J. Bruce III, T. P. Anderson, and D. R. Alexander, “An investigation of dual pulse femtosecond LIBS on aluminum,” presented at the North American Symposium on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (NASLIBS), 2011.

T. P. Anderson, C. A. Zuhlke, J. Bruce III, D. R. Alexander, and C. Parigger, “Evidence of near-field filaments and how sample location affects femtosecond LIBS,” presented at the North American Symposium on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (NASLIBS), 2011.

C. A. Zuhlke, D. R. Alexander, J. C. Bruce III, “Femtosecond Laser Production of Nanoparticles and Their Subsequent Layered Aggregate Growth Using a Line Focused Beam,” Conference Presentation, 18th International Conference on Composites or Nano Engineering, Anchorage, AK, July 2010.

C. A. Zuhlke, D. R. Alexander, R. Lai, T. P. Anderson, and T. Smith, “Storage of Alternative Energy Using New Supercapacitors Utilizing Femtosecond Laser Surface Modification Technologies” Poster Presentation, UNL Graduate Student Poster Session/EE Graduate Research Poster Competition, Lincoln, NE, April, 2011.

C. A. Zuhlke, D. R. Alexander, R. Lai, T. Anderson, T. Smith, “Storage of Alternative Energy Using New Supercapacitors Utilizing Femtosecond Laser Surface Modification Technologies,” Poster Presentation, Nebraska Research and Innovation Conference, Lincoln, NE, October, 2010.